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Can a language spoken by almost 100 million people die?

  • Writer: Neel Byrappagari
    Neel Byrappagari
  • Feb 10, 2024
  • 2 min read

Updated: Apr 14, 2024







Telugu has a literary tradition of over a thousand years and archeological evidence of inscriptions date back to 400 BCE. Telugu is estimated to have split from the Proto-Dravidian language around 1000 BCE. It is one of the 22 official languages of India. It is the official state language of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is spoken by almost 100 million people around the world.  

Recently, I’ve noticed an interesting phenomenon occurring in India. The rise of English and Hindi has led to a decline in Telugu. English has become the language of business and higher education, while Hindi serves as the universal language for communication across the country. As a result, many individuals no longer see the need to be able to learn to read and write in Telugu, which is essentially a third language to them, even if it’s what they use when speaking to family members. For example, my aunt and uncle who grew up and live in India, can speak and understand Telugu perfectly fine. However, they have never learned to read and write in Telugu because they can go about their lives without ever needing to. In fact, knowing only your native language can even be a disadvantage. With how interconnected India has become, one's work will most likely result in a need to communicate with people from across India, making regional languages an ineffective choice. In some states like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, many parents from my grandparents' generation intentionally chose to have their kids learn Hindi over their native language for this reason. This has led to a large percentage of my parent’s generation that can’t read or write in Telugu. 

Alarmed by this trend in 2012, the state government of Andhra Pradesh attempted to revitalize the language by mandating that if your native language is Telugu, then you have to learn it in school till 10th grade. Other mandates include that all signs on retail outlets need to be written prominently in Telugu in addition to English. Similar laws have been passed in neighboring states of Tamil Nadu (mandating Tamil), Karnataka (mandating Kannada) and Kerala (mandating Malayalam). However, it begs the question - would a language die slowly if a larger percentage of people can no longer read or write it? Or would it evolve to be written in a different script? Perhaps Latin script can become the default script for Telugu like it is for Turkish, Vietnamese, Malay, Indonesian, Somali, Swahili, and Tagalog. It is not uncommon for educated people from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to type Telugu words in Latin script when they message each other as it is easier to do this on phones and computers. What do you think?


 
 
 

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